>> >The white band indicates the positive side, ergo: short lead to Vcc and >longer lead to Gnd. Sorry, but I must disagree here. The identified lead on all aluminum electrolytic caps *I* have seen in the past 25 years or so is NEGATIVE. Do NOT use lead length as your polarity marking. Tantalum capacitors, OTOH, usually mark the POSITIVE lead. Don't ask me why. dwayne Dwayne Reid Trinity Electronics Systems Ltd Edmonton, AB, CANADA (780) 489-3199 voice (780) 487-6397 fax Celebrating 15 years of Engineering Innovation (1984 - 1999) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Do NOT send unsolicited commercial email to this email address. My posting messages to Usenet neither grants consent to receive unsolicited commercial email nor is intended to solicit commercial email.