>> PIC has more robust i/o drive amongst other things. > >Really? Going from data sheet claims only at this stage. Robust is a technically rather loose term. :-) PIC claims same 25ma per pin max allowable current source and sink but substantially more per whole port. eg 16F84: 80/50 ma sink/source for PORTA and 150/100 ma for PORTB Z8+: 40/40 ma for either port. Also, PIC and Z8 spec Vout hi and lo at different currents and voltages but extrapolating it seems that PIC claims to have more capable drivers (ie , lower voltage drop away from supply rail for a given i/o current). What the reality is for the Z8 I've yet to find out :-) I know PIC is generally very forgiving - Yes Virginia, you can use a 5v Vcc PIC to drive LEDs directly without drive resistors :-). Not that anyone would do such a thing of course. regards Russell McMahon