> > and don't work at all with certain improvised battery arrangements (ie > > NiCd or NiMH cells rescued from a damaged pack, which tend to be flat > > on both ends.) I don't suggest using cells "rescued" from a battery pack in this way either, but... > As extension to my comments on corrosion, I'm dismayed to think you > would even *consider* using Ni-Cd cells in a battery holder fitting. > It's not by accident that products intended to *work* using Ni-Cds > always use a somewhat expensive sealed battery module with welded tags on the > cells. At least when they fail, you haven't crapped all over the > innards of the appliance! ... Clearly, many NiCd cells are packaged to be identical size to "Alkaline" (Zinc/Manganese Dioxide) batteries. The manufacturers *intend* that they can be used in place of Alkaline batteries and removed for recharging. They have the button contacts on the positive end to reach into a polarized holder. And get get back on the off topic: I vote for molded-in ribs which don't let the flat negative terminal make contact in the wrong direction. It ain't perfect, but it usually works well. For "9 volt" snap contact batteries, you *Have to* have reverse polarity protection. Usually, you can afford one Shottkey diode drop. I wonder if any linear or buck-switcher regulators have inherent (low loss) reverse protection built in? It seems like a bipolar LDO regulator would prevent the load from drawing reverse current, but the regulator might fail. Has anyone here done a survey of the common regulators lately and found this out? ------------ Barry King, KA1NLH Engineering Manager NRG Systems "Measuring the Wind's Energy" Hinesburg, Vermont, USA barry@nrgsystems.com "The witty saying has been deleted due to limited EPROM space"