Hello to the list, I would like to comment the above statement. The said is true, that a hobby application cannot be protected against all hazards a circuit will encounter in lifetime. That is right. BUT RS232 is defined up to +- 15 Volts out of a 3KOhms source, so a significantly higher voltage will be applied to the PIC during NORMAL OPERATION, which I consider dangerous indeed. Jochen Feldhaar DH6FAZ jf@detektor.de