Hi Biswanath, I don't want to be a pest in your life, but by the fact that you are learning, you would understand if I correct you in few things, and I am sure some other people around will learn it too. In electronics there are few standards, and it help us to communicate universaly with almost no problems. If you learn this now, you will never forget and will start with the right foot. all thousands references are lower case, as; milli (m) 0.001 micro (µ) 0.000,001 nano (n) 0.000,000,001 pico (p) 0.000,000,000,001 deca (d) 10 centi (c) 100 kilo (k) 1,000 Mega (M) 1,000,000 (upper case because the -m- milli) Giga (G) 1,000,000,000 (upper case because -g- gram) ...others Ohms, or R Resistance Farads, or F Capacitance Henris, or H Inductance Volts, or V Current, or I, or Ampere(s) Impedance, or Z Hertz, or Hz For example, milli is just "m" it is not an abreviation form, so it does not carry the dot "m." Start using the right denomination as much as possible and quickly you will do it without any effort. 10kOhms, or R10k, not 10K, someone can confuse it with 10 Kelvin degrees. 10uF, not 10mfd, someone can mixup it with milliFarads or some bad name. Meter (m) doesn't make confusion with milli (m) since milli alone doesn't exist. It is quantifying some other unit, as Volts, grams, even meters (mV, mg, mm). It is incorrect use the letter "u" for micro, but as it doesn't make any confusion with anything else, and as the symbol "µ" is not available directly at the keyboard, we understand and don't care... grrrr! I already saw many ways to represent the SI standards, and everytime I see it wrong, my soul get iced. Terrors of the standards: "mts." for "meters", instead the simple "m", "hrs." for "hours", "mints." for minutes, "K" for "kilo", worse, KG for "kilogram", looks like "a Kelvin degree in free falling acceleration at G (gravity) 10m^2/s . Degrees use the "¡" symbol, as ¡F or ¡C, to type it just press and hold ALT+SHIFT and type 0 1 7 6 at the numeric keypad. The same for "µ" ALT+SHIFT+0181 (not 181) "¸" ALT+SHIFT+0189 "¹" ALT+SHIFT+0188 "²" ALT+SHIFT+0190 So, make my soul warm... :) I am sorry, I was born in Brazil, and we use metric system there, so don't ask me why here in US we use "lb" and say "pounds"... or at price lists we use to write "$150/mil" to represent $150 per thousand... (I understand because in Portuguese that's perfect, mil = thousand). -------------------------------------------------------- Wagner Lipnharski - UST Research Inc. - Orlando, Florida Forum and microcontroller web site: http://www.ustr.net Microcontrollers Survey: http://www.ustr.net/tellme.htm