But, unfortunately, Mars only allows minimum energy transfer orbits only every so not too often so a blown landing opportunity also costs you some years wait (which, of course, is not at all what this thread is about :-) Russell -----Original Message----- From: John Payson >|Seems the last Mars lander project did just that. >If one builds two of the #1 units, the total cost is $2X (well under >that of one design #2 unit) and one has the same probability of >success as with the #2 design (there's a 1% chance both will fail). >One also has the advantage, however, that if the first one happens >to work one has a second one which can be used for further research. >