New Member.... Pic Newbie... Though, I started programming with a Sharp Pocket computer .9K memory (WOW!) I bought by mistake.... experience with AMDAHL 470 with MTS (when was the last time anyone heard of THAT operating system?) C64, PC's from 8088-80486 most of which I built myself from scrap parts. Now.... working on understanding 16c5x limitations... I got pretty sick the last few years, and am only now trying to get back into the industry... anyway, while I was sick I had a lot of time to think.... I'd like to pick the brains of a few of the older members of this list, who might have come up, while OS invention was an artform.... I am specifically interested in understanding WHY the current operating systems are so vulnerable to Parasitic Programs, and what we can do to improve the robustness and assurances of all levels of processing. Part of the reason I wish to do this, is because I think that the current architecture has become too vulnerable, too flakey, and too difficult to test to run an A.I. Appliction big enough to simulate the human brain. I have some theories... I would like to test, before I become too old and grey, and to do so, requires a stable platform, on which I can test my theories. Nothing I have worked with so far, leads me to believe, that such a platform is available, or even possible with current software technology. If not, I will have to rethink from the ground up, which is why I am working on the 16c5x series first.... If I can build an OS small enough to fit a '54 I might be able to fit it underneath the current system call software level, out of reach of the less restricted programming talents, where it could add to robustness, and manageability.... Maybe its just a dream.... But I figure its a good place to start. The OLD methods of getting the most from a few bytes of space, might really help with this type of application, but I personally don't have that much experience. GREY GRAEME SMITH email: grysmith@freenet.edmonton.ab.ca YMCA Edmonton Address has changed with little warning! (I moved across the hall! :) ) Email will remain constant... at least for now.