Today as i was installing decoupling caps on a circuit board i thought to myself: "Why dont the IC manufactures just incorperate a decoupling cap right in the ic itself?" Any one have any ideas? ********************* Andy writes: The largest size we can get on a die is only a few pf. And it takes up as much space as many thousands of transistors. Furthermore, it is not a very good cap, since there is significant resistance in the internal track which, along with the dielectic, limits the "Q". Additionally , any caps that are used for coupling (RF ckts) internally also have a stray coupling factor to substrate of about a fifth of their value (it varies some). Lastly, the substrate for a silicon IC is not conductive so you have to use interconnect as the ground leads as well as the hot lead inside the device and it can lead to undesireable intercoupling. Whew!! Actually, frequency compensated op amps do use internal capacitors, but they are very small..... and can only be used in special areas. In summary -- the technology for making acceptable capacitors is not the same technology for making acceptable transistors... Andy in Dallas (too wordy for a Sunday morning...) ______________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com