On Sun, 20 Dec 1998, Michael J. Ghormley wrote: > which gives 25 ohms Ron at 4.5V. > > I also would be interested in any ideas of the group. Any pointers to > DIP/SIP-package switches with a lower Ron? Other voices of experience > out there? imho, the Ron should not be a problem for this application. Micro miniature switches in consumer equipment often use conductive plastic and/or rubber switching elements and show up to 470 ohms Ron. It also depends on how hard you press (I've played with this ;). If there are serious space constraints a SMT PNP transistor will usually work here. It is connected between the scan and the read line directly on the back of the switch (C & E), and a thin wire connects the base to the external base resistor. This assumes a HIGH driving scan line. A scope is required to make sense of the signals beforehand. A NPN transistor is required for LOW driving scan lines. Obtaining a copy of the schematic diagram helps a lot (easy with Sony). Also, using a micro miniature connector avoids having to drill holes etc in the apparatus. In a pinch, a bar of SIPP machined IC sockets can be epoxied inside the apparatus, female side outwards, after small (0.8 mm) holes were drilled through the case in a suitable place. The mating connector is a similar strip of sockets with long pins with a ribbon cable soldered to the female side of it. Clip off a pin for keying (and don't drill the corresp. hole). The base resistor can be as high as 100k, I often use 47k in this position. If the apparatus controller and the driving controller operate at different Vdds extra precautions are required to make sure that the switches turn on and off as required. hope this helps, Peter