At 12:19 PM 7/09/98 +1000, you wrote: >Fundamentally, >a good layout will solve most problems. > >If you have the luxury of time and money, design a double sided pcb and use >one side for grond connections plane only and all other nets connect by >shortest route on the top. Fill any ramining areas on the top with ground >plain. DO NOT AUTOROUTE! > >I have successfully used this method for automotive "under bonnet" pcbs for >OEM products as well as a PIC products of my own wich is sitting next to a >piezo electric ignitor for stove tops. > >Dale > Yes, correct Dale but it is not the whole story, One MUST remember that this is only part of the solution. Good software design is essential to ensure that the device continues to operate in either favorable or un favourable conditions for the longest possible time. This process includes many items that start from the basics:- 1/ Always reloading the Port direction registers 2/ The use of constants rather than calculating 3/ Reloading port values 4/ Re enabling I/O and control registers 5/ Removing assumptions (eg. This bit should be set, so don't set it again) 6/ The use of watchdogs These can be expanded more and then leads off to crash recovery and crash detection. Often crashes are subtle, and may involve a simple memory corruption. If one is lucky, then the system will reset and things will be OK? One of the best pieces of advice that a lecture gave me was "The only assumption that you can make is that your software may be used in a situation where peoples lives will depend on it" OK, so it is a bit over the top, but I hope that the basic idea is seen. By default many people will use the basics, perhaps without even knowing they do. As for under bonnet stuff. This does depend on location! I have used good old vero board for development in the engine bay of modern cars with no problems. Put the board near the spark plug end of a HT lead and things are different. I have also seen very well layed out boards fail when placed near the fuel pump line (PWM drive from the ECU), alas, it required input conditioning! Dennis