Hi! I hope my opinion doesn't make anyone angry, but I don't see why anyone builds a programmer. I guess if you are a manufacturer and needed to program hundred's of chips you might want build something. But with that exception, why not just spend the $200 to $2,000 and get a complete working programmer? Why in the world would I buy a $500 programmer to program 10 or so $5 parts used in "hobby" circuits that don't generate any income for anyone? I could see it if I was a manufacturer and would be getting income of 5x parts cost for each of thousands of widgets I expected to sell, but as a hobbyist that would be the most expensive piece of equipment in my lab. (except the computer, which ought to be able to do most of the work anyway, and is also useful for taking out agressions using graphically violent KILL games...) :-) BillW