Folks, many thanks to the several notes on this. I was aware of BiPolar and MosFET but my brain didn't make the jump between labels on transistor legs and voltage pins on ICs. Shame on me. I had assumed that maybe some kind of naming convention change had happened over the years. Given my simple naivety I tend to think of these things as purely +v and ground (hey thats got to be right because my 7805 has +v and ground pins and I don't need any interface between +v and Vdd or ground and Vss ) One reason that I asked the question is that what Vcc/Vee meant came up on during my electronics nightschool earlier this year and the lecturer didn't know for sure (I guess like me he just hadn't thought about it 'cos he was excellent otherwise). Thanks - I can now label my diagrams more correctly (always assuming I know which devicesI'm using are bipolar and which are CMOS - Yes I know - the CMOS ones come in little black bags or are stuck onto black foam and don't always work after I've shuffled across the nylon carpet ) Brian. Brian Jones Technical Planner Java Technology Centre IBM Hursley