Hi, in the catalogue stands: input clamp current: +/- 20 mA. It means it is enough to put such resistors which limits to this value, i.e. instead of my first suggestion 2 x 250 ohms must be sufficient (2 x 5 V = 10V, 10V / 500 ohm = 20 mA). I think here won't suffer the volume. Regards, Imre On Sat, 30 May 1998, David VanHorn wrote: > >I think that what David is suggesting is right. Perhaps one could think of > it > >as a first approximation of a sinewave that is being sampled at the peaks > and > >the zero-crossings? Since the slope of the sinewave at the zero-crossing > is > >more steep than the slope at the peaks, the 0-0 period could be very small > in > >respect to the period of the signal. > > > Interesting, that wasn't my intention, but that is the result. I've > scoped the lines > on a piezo driven with the "wrong" cadence, and I have seen the voltage > doubling > effect working. It wasn't double, as it was dumpng into the uP protection > diodes, > but that's the whole point. We don't want to put much current into those > diodes, > and the basic limit here is the uP's own output current. I think if you ask > your > uP vendor, they won't reccomend dumping 20mA into the protection diodes :-P > > >I have not used this idea, but I will incorporate it the next piezo element > that > >I drive. Thank you, David. > > > :) > > > An additional note, someone suggested that impact or vibration could cause > the > same effect, and I agree. I'm leaning twoard a pair of zeners out there. > > A magnetic beeper wouldn't have as many potential problems, maybe that's a > better > path. > >