The IRP bit is not used on the 16C(F)84 chips. It would be used if the RAM map exceeded 256 locations, hence the need for 9 bits. RP1 and RP0 are used for DIRECT addressing, not INDIRECT addressing. These bits are needed because the instructions which specify a RAM address are only 7 bits long. Thus to make an 8 bit address to access the 256 bytes of RAM you have to use RP0. RP1 is not used on the 16(F)C84 chips. The FSR is an 8 bit register. The address MUX can only use 7 bits of the RAM address data from the FSR. Bit 7 of the FSR is used to set the Ram Page. Bit 7 = 0, RAM Page 0, Bit 7 = 1, RAM Page 1. Thus the FSR by itself can indirectly address all of the 256 RAM locations. The IRP bit is not used on the 16(F)C84, because there are only 8 bits needed to access the RAM. $81 in the FSR will always indirectly address the OPTION register. $01 in the FSR will always indirectly address the TMR0(RTCC) register. RP0 has no effect on INDIRECT addressing. If this still confuses you, check out the web site below. Regards Tony PicNPoke Multimedia 16F84 Beginners PIC Tools. **PLUS** - PicNPlay - PicNPlan - PicNPrep - PicNPost PicNPort - DT Type Saver - *new* PicNQuiz. Recent addition - DogBoneZ Component. http://www.dontronics.com/picnpoke.html