In a message dated 14/04/98 16:02:50, you write: << I need to know what exactly is ceramic resonators? >> Aint that an expensive bit of pottery whilst being hit with 2Lb hammer ??????? Sorry Humor is opperational........Steve........ No its like a crystal but generally less accurate and cheeper. Some of them (Murata) have the capacitors built in to them and come with a centre leg for the ground connection.