Yes, RS-485 only defines the pin functions and the electrical parameters. Data formatting and communication protocols are left to the user to define. National Semiconductor has RS-485 and RS-422 specific interface ICs. More info at: http://www.national.com/design/index.html Maxim also has some at: http://www.maxim-ic.com/scripts/cSelector.exe/RS-485/ On Sat, 24 Jan 1998 22:24:27 -0600, you wrote: ->I've seen lots about '485 stuff around her lately. One recent posting ->almost made it sound as though there are driver / interface chips for this ->interface. The same post made it sound that '485 is strictly a physical ->spec, and leaves software protocol undefined. -> ->Is this correct? Does anyone have any WWW links that I might do more ->research? -> ->Thanks, ->Mitch -> -> ->------------------------------ ->Mitch Miller ->mdmiller@nque.com ->------------------------------