In a message dated 98-01-16 20:24:07 EST, you write: << This is for anyone contemplating using opto couplers or similar devices in projects. "USE ONLY AS A LAST RESORT!" Why? They are SLOOOOOOOOOOW! So before you design them into a project, go to SIEMENS web site , find the opto app notes section and get app notes 1, 2, 4 and 5 as a minimum. They are in .PDF format and although small, ther is enough info there to put you on the right track. Good luck with your projects, Bill >> They're not all so slow. The NEC PS9601 has a propagation delay of 50ns. You can commonly find them in the 1-8 microsecond range. Dave Duley