In a message dated 97-12-10 19:19:10 EST, you write: << The reason why we are not harmed by this electric field gradient is that , as someone else mentioned before, the current involved is so low. The voltage comes from just a few electrons difference in charge, separated by a very good insulator. If we bridge the gap, only a tiny current flows. It is sort of like a static discharge which occurs when one walks accross a carpet and touches a doorknob. The charge transfer is bearly enough for you to feel it (or sometimes, it is quite enough for you to feel it, but it is for such a short duration that it does you no harm). In fact, the voltages involved in these little shocks gotten by touching a door knob can easily be in the megavolts, or so I have read. Sean >> If the charge is so low (i.e. only a small current available) why is it not discharged quickly and therefore no large gradient is maintained. I do not disagree with your description, but I am still not sure about the contradition with the mains-to-the-head analogy. Mark A. Corio Rochester MicroSystems, Inc. 200 Buell Road, Suite 9 Rochester, NY 14624 Tel: 716-328-5850 Fax: 716-328-1144 http://www.frontiernet.net/~rmi/ ****** Designing Electronics for Research and Industry ******