Jarek, Take a look at http://patent.womplex.ibm.com/ and see patents (among about 100 others) 5,300,922 - 5,574,431 - 4,413,254 - 4,622,542 - 3,983,552 - 4,074,249 - 3,820,104 - 4,063,229 - 4,993,245 - 5,572,191 - 5,008,649 - 3,895,368 - 5,510,770 - 5,300,922....... and I think you'll know everything about how the whole security-tag stuff works.... Albert Smulders InSAD - Encarnaci—n, Paraguay insad@itacom.com.py