Actually, to elaborate a bit on my initial comments as extracted above, the original numbering system was created by prehistoric man, prior to the invention of the loincloth. At that time, a base-eleven system was used. With the invention of the loincloth, the 11th digit was no longer easily visible, so was relegated to its present status as a "sign bit". Due to anatomical limitations, the female of the species never was able to master the base-11 system. When attempting to do so, the MSbit was always read as 0. I have a problem here... if the 11th bit is sign bit, then I can't see where it came from as the current 'standard' defines the SET condition indicating a negative value... Around my area, setting the 11th bit definitely results in positive results. I'm just grateful that the early development of shoe technology precluded the introduction of a base-20 (or base 21?) numbering system. It depends on your tendencies... ! Rob (Trust me, it's a fact) Whitney