Albert, I've run across a book containing that formula (I'm pretty sure!!) and many others related to solar energy: Duffie, John A. & Beckman, William A.; Solar Energy Thermal Processes; New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 1974 I found the book to be widely quoted in the literature. I don't own a copy, just have checked it out of the library a few times. Perhaps some kind soul can photocopy the proper pages and mail them to you. For an on-line calculator version of this see: http://solstice.crest.org/staff/ceg/sunangle/index.html Here's a Windows PC shareware program http://www.seanet.com/%7Esme/sun.html I hope this helps Steve -- ------------------------------------------------------------------- Stephen Brown, Ph.D. New England Research 76 Olcott Drive White River Junction, Vermont 05001 USA (802) 296-2401 phone (802) 296-8333 fax sbrown@ner.com http://www.ner.com -------------------------------------------------------------------