At 08:58 AM 8/4/97 PST, you wrote: > My favorite tome on this subject (which I haven't seen since grad > school days) was the manual for HP's 8-digit DMM. They had more ways > of figuring out RMS than you can shake a stick at. I seem to remember > a particularly novel random sampling method which worked in a > statistical fashion. For reasonably stationary signals (in the > statistical sense), I would imagine this to be the easiest to > implement on a PIC... Yes HP had some great algorithms - I miss their discussions in the old HP journals in the middle 80's. I decided to consider the DSP approach by sum of squares etc, Harold suggested a simple algorithm - all I have to do now is the most efficient maths... rgds mike Perth, Western Australia