sqrt(x) is a function. It HAS only one answer in formal math. This was done just to make things simpler. Its definition is the POSITIVE square root. Ask any algebra teacher. I'm not convinced. This sounds like one of those on-again off-again political points that public school systems make a fuss about teaching "correctly" while anyone who is actually a mathematician would look at you funny for even suggesting that there was anything wrong with "i = sqrt(-1)". And I assume that we are talking about real-world situations. If you have real world formulas that involve sqrt(), failing to take the negative root into consideration can lead to incorrect answers (as I remember one problem pointing out, much to most of the class's chagrin...) (Or was that an equation involving x^2, where you ended up taking sqrt() of both sides?) And it's "j", damit! :-) BillW