>> Is the voltage in rs232 enough to supply vpp? > AFAIK, a properly implemented RS232 port [...] is supposed > to deliver at least +/- 12 volts when unloaded. No. RS232 specifies that each transmitter output be between +6V to +25V or -6V to -25V. (The +6 and -6 limits may be +5 & -5; I don't recall for sure from memory. Check Motorola MC1488/1489 or TI 75188/75189 data sheets.) This tries to guarantee that the receiver sees +3 to +25 or -3 to -25. Supplies of +/- 12V used to be common in equipment, so the serial driver chips used to use those voltages. Lee Jones ------------------------------------------------------------------- Jones Computer Communications lee@frumble.claremont.edu 509 Black Hills Dr, Claremont, CA 91711 voice: 909-621-9008 -------------------------------------------------------------------