Hi, > > Let's not forget the dynamotor: an ac motor driving a DC generator. For > > extra isolation, use a rubber belt to connect the two. > > While your latter suggestions are getting a bit silly, the use of a motor/ > generator setup was indeed common in some applications, especially before > the invention of good rectifiers. In particular, many pipe organs circa Often the Dynamotor was used in applications that worked from DC to AC. These days our PICs and logic want low voltage DC and batteries come to out aid, in them days there were only thermionic devices which popularly needed some 100 .. 300V DC to work. Dynamotors were used in a lot of battery powered applications to step up typically 1.5V or 6V drycell batteries to 115V or 230V AC to drive mains apliances without modification. What was used in High voltage circuits where only low voltages were available in DC such as in cars was another device called a vibrator which was a can about 1" dia and 2" long that had what was mostly a relay that would be made to cut its own power on energising so it would buzz, mass added to the armature allowed the resonant mode of vibration to be adjusted to 50, 60 or 400 Hz (or what you wanted even a few kHz) and the vibrator would have some extra contacts that could be used in a push-pull arrangement to drive a transformer with alternating polarity. This could be used to transform power or signals and was how the earliest Chopper-Stabilised amplifiers used to work at real low levels without drift as the signal was converted to AC, then synchronously rectified (optional) that would leave you with performance close to what we get out of a cheap OP-AMP these days. Cheers *<<<-| -- Kalle Pihlajasaari kalle@ip.co.za http://www.ip.co.za/ip Interface Products P O Box 15775, DOORNFONTEIN, 2028, South Africa + 27 (11) 402-7750 Fax: 402-7751 http://www.ip.co.za/people/kalle