Maybe I didn't understand the question but... I'd be careful when using a cap to tap off of line voltage. When I design anything I always think about stray bandwidth - do I have more than I need? If so, how are the various impedances in my circuit going to respond to it? Ideally, any supply that takes line voltage and steps it down would limit the bandwidth to as low as your circuit could tolerate (it would be a low pass filter). By limiting the bandwidth you'd cut down the RF, ESD, and transient-type problems in your circuit. With a series cap as the voltage dropping element you'd have a high pass filter - the higher the frequency - the easier it would conduct. ESD, RF, Line spikes would all eat you alive unless you put a low-pass filter after the cap. It doesn't seem safe. ... just my impression... Jon Bertrand jonb@cirris.com