Philp Lalone asked about applying the uA723 VR. The uA723 has been around forever, but it's a very versatile device: I guess that's one reason it's still around after all this time! (I've used them on and off in my designs for about 20 years). It is available in a Dual in line package, as well as a tall TO-5 style metal can. What may be a little confusing (as compared to common-garden 3 terminal devices) is that there are several distinct application topologies, relating to differnet modes of operation. With a little ingenuity, you can configure its functional blocks to provide the following functions: - outputs above Vref (7.15v), - outputs below Vref, - fixed or adjustable output - low output currents, with only its internal pass device, - with an external pass device for high output currents, - series or shunt regulator configs, - in a free-running switched-mode configuration - in a driven switched-mode (PWM) configuration - as a current source - and likely many other things I haven't thought of yet The best sources of info are the Linear Applications books from Mot or NAtional. Just be careful, especially in the switched-mode configurations: the uA723's op amp is a (comparativley) wide-bandwidth device, making layout and grounding critical to a successful design... you may end up with an oscillator instead of a regulator! However: unless you need the flexibility or high performance, *and* can pull off the design, why not just use a good ol' 3-terminal device? It can be very easy to botch a uA 723 design if you're not experienced with analog design. Hope this helps, ....Gregg