When I joined this list, I hoped to stay out of the religous wars... Andy, you and Bob Pease (National Semiconductor/Electronic Design Magazine) must be good buddies! He relentlessly blasts those who pray to the fuzzy gods. When I took circuit analysis, the professor (Professor Carlin) said there are two ways to do circuit analysis: 1) His way, i.e. Logic, Reason, and old-fashioned Thinking or 2) The Hope, Guess, and Pray method. In reality, and only in reality, this method applies to everything. There is absolutely nothing wrong with fuzzy logic per se; as long as you understand its mathematical basis and consequently its strengthes and weaknesses. The problem arises when one's premise is that product xyz is good because "fuzzy logic" has been used in its development. BS. A similar situation exists for so called "Neural Networks". If you get right down to it, Neural Networks are no more than adaptive FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filters. There's not much similarity between a Neuron and a digital filter. Similarly, there's not much similarity between fuzzzy logic and human reasoning. You never can replace thinking and good design techniques! May the fuzzy gods have mercy on my logic. Scott