Tony, it sounds as if you have direct experience with the old model 32 and 33 KSR teletypes. About 20 years ago I attended the CNCP telecommunications course. CNCP used to service the old electromechanical stuff as well as the modern transistor based machines as well. The mechanical stuff was interesting! Pressing a key on the keyboard caused a series of horizontal sliders with the baudot code to move and a little motorized parallel to serial converter transmitted the 20ma current loop signal. In some ways these electromechanical beasts were more of a work of engineering art then the electronic stuff every was. BTW the CNCP course was where I first learned the difference between BAUD and bit rate. Each technician had to be able to read baudot code right off of the paper tape, and that was accomplished by about a week of code practice in class - The instructor would key baudot messages audibly ala ham radio and each student would hardcopy. BTW the RS232 BREAK feature was a result of how the electromechanical units used to work. When a space was detected (start bit) the serial to parallel motor would advance whether the code was correct or not. Hence, if the current loop was down it would be interpreted as a repeated sequence of 00H (NULLs). The print carriage would go up and down but no striker would advance. To this day most USARTS support BREAK generation. Anyway, I hope this is not too far off topic fot the list (I guess I'll find out!). Regards, Dana Frank Raymond dfr@icom.ca