I had done that at one time. Driving a piezo tranceiver, I was able to produce a realtively loud tone. Therefore, I assumed that driving a 40 kHz transducer would also be relatively loud (though it was not audible). If you would like, I can mail you the source which gives 40 Hkz exactly using a 16c84 and a 1 MHz oscillator. So the answer is YES it can be driven by the pin alone. I'm sure it would be much louder if you drove the xcvr with a transistor though. I was having problems with the receiving end of my device. -()---()---()---()---()---()---()---()---()---()---()---()---()---()---()- Rolan Yang http://hertz.njit.edu/~rxy5310 Electrical Engineer rxy5310@hertz.njit.edu kyurius@tsb.weschke.com VR,ROBOTICS,FENCING,HACKING,INDUSTRIAL MUSIC,ART,EXPLOSIVES,INLINE SKATING THESE ARE A FEW OF MY FAVORITE THINGS. -()---()---()---()---()---()-----()-()---()---()---()---()---()---()---()- 4 out of 10 people are annoyed by ^ this.